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THE ARMY 

THE NAVY 



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-We shall fight for the thingf^^ 
which we have always carried 
nearest our hearts — for democ- 
racy^ for the right of those who 
submit to authority to have a 
voice in their own governments ^ 
for the rights and liberties of 
small nations^ for a universal 
dominion of right by such a 
concert of free people as shall 
bring peace and safety to all 
nations and make the world 
itself at last free.^^ 




JAN 25 1918 



IBiliiS 



'UT-COM COMMAHOER CAPTAIN 



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A FOREWORD 

[ITH millions of young men 
registered in the United 
States for national service, it 
is proper, perhaps, that a little booklet 
such as this may be put forth illus- 
trative of the various branches of 
Military and Naval life to which 
these youth of the land' are assigned 
to duty. It has been prepared with 
much care and a rigid respect for 
accuracy in detail and in statement 
and has been passed upon by both 
the War and Navy Departments of 
our government. It is hoped that 
these accuracies and these facts may 
prove of interest, and make us look 
with more pride upon a flag whose 
honor has been untainted since it 
first fluttered to the dawn, and the 
splendor of whose hues has every- 
where been accepted as a covenant 
representing neither aggression nor 
conquest nor dominion. 






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INFANTRYMAN 

FTor.t and re-ar tiev:—Full Field Equipment 





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INPANTRY 



HE infantry is, in a sense, the 
army. Other arms of the serv- 
ice — the cavalry, artillery, etc. 
— are auxiliary. They are for the pur- 
pose of enabling the infantry to win 
battles. 

There are about 26,000 men in an 
army division. Of this total the infantry 
numbers about 19,000, the cavalry, ar- 
tillery, engineers, sanitary train, signal 
corps, being about 7,000. On the march 
the division extends along fifteen miles 
of road, and moves at the rate of two to 
two and one-half miles an hour. At the 
end of every fifty minutes the division 
halts and the men are allowed ten min- 
utes rest, with an hour for lunch. 

A division is the smallest tactical unit. 
In the words of General Wood, it is the 
smallest unit that can be called an army. 
Our army is not organized into tactical 
divisions, however, having been dis- 
tributed widely among bur forty-nine 
mobile army posts. 



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CAVALRYMAN 

Showing complete Field Equipment of Soldier and Horse 



Yellow Hat Cord 



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CAVALRY 

HE cavalryman, or " trooper," 
because of the open forma- 
tion of most cavalry move- 
ments, must have plenty of dash and 
individual resourcefulness. He must, 
of course, be a horseman of more than 
ordinary skill. He must be able to 
vault into the saddle from the ground, 
and must know how to care for his 
horse as well. 

The arms of the cavalryman are the 
saber, rifle, and automatic pistol. He 
is required at times to dismount and 
fight on foot, a phase of service in 
which the cavalry of this country 
excels. 

The division on the march is pre- 
ceded by a regiment of cavalry, which 
reconnoitres, and screens the move- 
ments of the division by preventing 
the enemy from reconnoitring. 




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ENGINEER 

Equipment same as Infantryman 





Scarlet and White Hat Cord 



Device 



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ENGINEERS 

(HE engineer often receives 
a part of his training in 
civil life. He must, how- 
ever, also have specialized knowl- 
edge for army service. 

He solves problems of camp loca- 
tion and drainage; constructs cover 
for the men in the trenches; erects 
field fortifications; creates obstruc- 
tions for the enemy and clears them 
away for his own division; builds 
railroads, bridges and repairs roads, 
does all pioneering work, and, in 
short, actually performs and su- 
perintends all construction plans of 
the army. 

Army engineers built the Panama 
Canal. 



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SIGNAL CORPS 

HE signal troops are the 
nerves of the division. The 
commander of the division 
can communicate with any part of it 
by telephone on the march. 

A signal battalion furnishes com- 
munication by flag signals, heliograph, 
acetylene lamps, semaphore, field tele- 
phone, field telegraph, and wireless. 

It is composed of 173 men, with 
180 animals. It carries a shop wagon, 
two instrument wagons, six wire carts, 
twenty miles of wire, and four radio 
sections. 

The Signal Corps has complete 
charge of the aviation, telegraph, wire- 
less telegraph, telephones, photography 
and ordinary signalling methods. In 
this branch are thousands of men 
drawn from the electrical field. 




AVIATOR IN FLYING COSTUME 



Distinguishing color 
same as Signal Corps 



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AVIATION 

HE Aviation Corps, 
listed as aeroplane serv- 
ice, has supplanted the 
cavalry of the old days, as the 
eyes and ears of the army. 

Its importance in this service 
has been but recently demon- 
strated, and so greatly has this 
importance been valued that all 
nations have contracted for thou- 
sands upon thousands of these 
birds of the air. 

Signalling, of course, is done 
from aeroplanes, but greater 
duties of the aero squadron are 
scouting and directing artillery 
fire. 

The Aviation Corps is part of 
the regular Army Signal Corps. 




ARMORED MOTOR CYCLE i /^ V^fc ^ ^ 




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ARTILLERY 








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T the present time we hear 
much about the coast artil- 






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lery, which is made up of 








fixed or 


stationary cannon, set in bat- 




teries made up of two or more guns 
within proper fortifications on various 
strategic points where they may eifect- 
ively oppose naval attacks. 

Artillery for fortifications is of a 
character similar to coast artillery. 








Siege guns are of as heavy a calibre or 
power as the guns used in fortifica- 
tions, but are mounted so that they 
may be moved by motor power or 
train from one point to another. 




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Field, horse and mountain artillery 
are exactly what their names imply — 
the mobile adaptable guns of an army-. 

Machine guns do not form part of 
the artillery. Picked men are de- 
tailed from each regiment of infantry 
to operate the machine guns. 




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FIELD & COAST ARTILLERY 
IN ACTION 




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MARINE AND SAILOR 

iN a 27,oooton battleship is a 
crew of some i,ioo men. In 
battle, some 400 or more 
men are engaged in serving the main 
battery guns; possibly twenty ac- 
tually see the result of the fire. In 
the engine rooms are nearly 300 more 
men upon whose efficiency depends in 
no less degree the success of the 
battle. 

The Marines are in effect sea-going 
infantry. They are called into action 
when a seaport must be quickly seized, 
or a legation in a foreign country pro- 
tected. A battleship carries two offi- 
cers and about seventy men of the 
Marine Corps. 

There are in the Navy, in peace 
times. Sailors, Marines, and Officers. 
In our Naval Militia are enlisted 
men and officers. 




MARINE— Full Dress Uniform 
s35S3^^z-ii:r SAILOR — Service Uniform 




'~\liP^ Marine Corps Device Navy Device 




DREADNAUGHTS 




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|AVAL strength is purely com- 
parative. 

At the outbreak of the Span- 
ish War we had but five battleships, 
two armored cruisers, and twenty-nine 
smaller cruisers. In our program it is 
now contemplated that by 1921 we shall 
have fifty-two battleships, six battle 
cruisers, and forty-one cruisers. 

The term "superdreadnaught" has 
been coined for battleships of 25,000 
tons and speed of from twenty-one to 
twenty-five knots. Similarly the term 
*'predreadnaught" designates the other 
battleships, of not over 16,000 tons. 

Our Nevada and Oklahoma are 27,500 
ton ships, as are England's Queen Eliza- 
beth and Warspite. Our Arizona and 
Pennsylvania, just completed, are of 
3 1,400 tons. Our Idaho, Mississippi, and 
New Mexico, under construction, are of 
32,000 tons. 



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DREADNAUGHT 

{Bird's-Eye View) 



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TORPEDO BOAT 
DESTROYERS 

,HE torpedo boat, a small craft 
of from fifty to about 300 tons 
displacement, is being largely 
displaced by the destroyer, a similar ves- 
sel of 350 to 1,100 tons. Both types are 
armed with small guns as well as torpedo 
equipment, and their speed varies from 
nineteen to thirty-three knots. They are 
important as raiders, and for screening 
naval operations by trailing thick clouds 
of smoke. 

The torpedo is the most deadly missile 
in naval warfare. A hollow steel pro- 
jectile of the size of a small pleasure 
boat, it contains most intricate and del- 
icately adjusted mechanisms, for pro- 
pelling it, for steering it, and for timing 
the explosion. By means of the gyro- 
scope the torpedo may be made to de- 
scribe a winding path before striking its 
target. By means of wireless methods, 
the torpedo has been made even more 
destructive. 



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TORPEDO VESSELC'DESTROYER") 

At Full Speed in the Open Sea 



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SUBMARINES 




IKE the aeroplane, the sub- 
marine is undergoing changes 
so rapidly, and usually so 

secretly, that it is difficult to make 

statements of fact about it. 

It has been claimed that a crew of 
eighteen to twenty-four can live for 
three or four weeks on the supply of 
air in its containers, without coming 
to the surface. The submarine is sub- 
merged partly by the flooding of its 
ballast tanks with sea water, and 
partly by the action of its horizontal 
rudders when in motion. Its lowest 
safety depth is 200 feet; below that 
it .will collapse from the pressure of 
the water above it. 

It is said that a submarine can aim 
(through its periscope), discharge a 
torpedo, and dive, in five seconds. 
The submarine is a raider rather than 
a tactical implement. 




SUBMARINE RUNNING 
ON SURFACE 

Coming into Harbor 



SCOUT CRUISERS 




HE old type of armored 
cruiser, a vessel of 9,000 to 
16,000 tons, has given way 
on the one hand to the "battle 
cruiser," a vessel of 17,000 tons and 
over, and on the other hand to the 
"scout cruiser," of 5,000 tons or less, 
and built for great speed. 

At the outset of the great war in 
1914 Germany had building four new 
battle cruisers of 28,000 tons each, and 
Japan four of 27,500 tons each. Eng- 
land has ten. The United States at 
that time had none, but four were 
started in 1916. 

The battle in which the Bluecher 
was sunk was fought on both sides by 
battle cruisers. The value of speed in 
battle cruisers (twenty-five to thirty 
knots) was well demonstrated by 
England's victory in that battle. 

The latest Navy bill provides for 
ten "scout cruisers" for the United 
States. 



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SCOUT CRUISER ON PATROL 
DUTY 



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MEDICAL DEPT. 




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j^^^^HE duties of the Medl- 




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^m cal Corps are of great 




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^^ importance, and look- 




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ing after the wounded with the 




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aid of the Red Cross, is but a 




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part of them. 






The health of the Army and 
the prevention of disease, in- 
spection of food and water sup- 
ply, and other camp sanitations, 
are in its jurisdiction. 

The Medical Department is 
supplemented by the Hospital 
Corps, the Nurse Corps, the 
Dental Corps and the Veterinary 
Corps. 

The Red Cross is an inter- 
national badge respected by all 
forces. 






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MOTOR AMBULANCE AND 
FIELD HOSPITAL 




Maroon Hat Cord 



Device 



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WHAT EVERY SOLDIER 






OUGHT TO KNOW 




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HE object to be aimed at m 






the training of a soldier is 








to make him, in mind and 
better man than his adver- 




body, a 




sary on the field of battle. Fitness 






for war is the only thing that counts, 






and every soldier should school him- 






self to keep this constantly in mind. 






His first duty is to acquire a soldierly 






spirit. This will help him to bear 






fatigue, privation, and danger cheer- 






fully, will give him confidence in him- 






self, his officers, and his comrades. 






and will produce such a high degree 






of courage and disregard of self that, 






in the day of battle, he will use his 






brains and his weapons coolly and to 






the best advantage. A soldier must 






learn to be proud of his profession 




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and particularly so of his own regi- 






ment or corps. 


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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



011 394 8358« 




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